Cardiac catheterization is a medical procedure a specialist performs to examine how well a person’s heart functions. Though routine in many healthcare settings, the process involves carefully designed steps requiring precise execution. Here is information concerning what the procedure entails and its possible risks:
What Is Cardiac Catheterization?
Cardiac catheterization is a diagnostic or treatment method used to study or address conditions of the heart and blood vessels. During the procedure, a specialist inserts a thin, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel. This blood vessel is often located in the groin, neck, or arm. The specialist then guides the catheter through the circulatory system to reach the heart.
The procedure serves several purposes, such as identifying blockages in blood vessels, evaluating the heart’s function, or examining heart valve disorders. Physicians may also use the procedure to treat certain conditions, such as placing stents to open blocked arteries or performing balloon angioplasty. This activity is typically conducted in a hospital setting, specifically in a cardiac catheterization lab.
What Happens During a Cardiac Catheterization Procedure?
Before the procedure begins, patients typically change into a hospital gown. They may also receive instructions to avoid eating or drinking for several hours beforehand. Once in the catheterization lab, medical staff will prepare the patient by administering any necessary medications, such as a sedative, to help the person remain comfortable during the procedure.
The procedure starts with the specialist inserting the catheter. A local anesthetic numbs the area where the catheter will enter the body. Next, a small incision is made, and the catheter is inserted into a blood vessel. The specialist uses imaging techniques like X-rays or fluoroscopy to guide the catheter toward the heart. The patient may feel slight pressure during this step but typically experiences no significant discomfort.
Once the catheter reaches the heart, it can be used for various purposes. For diagnostic purposes, the specialist may inject dye through the catheter to visualize blood flow to and from the heart. This imaging test is commonly referred to as coronary angiography. When the procedure is performed for treatment, additional tools such as balloons or stents are passed through the catheter to address blockages or other structural issues in the heart.
The procedure typically lasts 30 minutes to a few hours, depending on the case’s complexity. Following the procedure, patients are moved to a recovery area where they are monitored for any complications. It is common for them to stay in bed for several hours while the puncture site begins to heal.
What Are the Risks of Cardiac Catheterization?
Like any medical procedure, this procedure carries some risks. While generally safe when performed by skilled professionals, potential complications can occur. These can include bleeding or bruising at the catheter insertion site. Some patients may also experience an allergic reaction to the dye used during the procedure. Rarely, complications such as blood vessel damage, irregular heart rhythms, blood clots, or infections may develop.
It is worth noting that risks vary based on a patient’s overall health, medical history, and the specific objective of the catheterization. Physicians assess these factors carefully before proceeding with the procedure. Patients should discuss any concerns or questions with their healthcare provider in advance.
Find Out More Concerning Cardiac Catheterization Procedures
Cardiac catheterization is a valuable tool for diagnosing and treating various heart conditions. Understanding the process, including what to expect and the potential risks, can help patients make informed decisions about their healthcare. To learn more about these procedures or explore advanced cardiovascular care options, consult a qualified healthcare provider or a cardiology specialist.